The Rohingya Refugee Crisis of Myanmar: A History of Persecution and Human Rights Violations


Abstract views: 726 / PDF downloads: 474

Authors

  • MD Mostafa Faisal Dr., Department of Political Science and Public administration, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. parvezbogra2011@gmail.com

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46291/IJOSPERvol7iss3pp743-761

Keywords:

Rohingya, Crisis, Persecution, Bangladesh, Myanmar.

Abstract

The United Nations refers to Rohingya as one of the most persecuted ethnic minorities in the world, and this minority community from the Arakan state of Myanmar crossing by land into Bangladesh, while others take to the sea to reach Malaysia, Indonesia, India and Thailand to escape from persecution. They first arrived in the Arakan on 8th century and ruled this area from 1430 AD to 1784 AD. Rohingya Muslims, along with Burmese Muslims and Buddhists together participated in their Independence movement, participated in the national election and elected as parliament member. But all the achievements and collaboration became failed after a few years later of independence. This study aims to find out the origin and historical background of Rohingya Muslim and chronological state persecution against them. This paper concludes that Rohingya are not illegal settler and their presence in Rakhine state of before the arrival of Mongolian and Tibeti Burmans. After the independence, they are victims of numerous types of oppression, such as denied citizenship, excessive taxation, confiscation of property, mosque destruction, torture, extrajudicial killing, restrictions on freedom of movement and marriage, forced deportation, destruction of houses and villages.

References

Anadolu Agency, (19 August 2018). New report: Myanmar army killed over 24000 Rohingya. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/new-report-myanmar-army-killed-over-24-000-rohingya/1235442

Ali, M. M. (1985). History of the Muslims of Bengal. Imam Muhammad ibn Saʼūd Islamic University. p.168, 368, 866.

A.F. Hazary, Burma an Arab Land of the East by in the Dacca Review, 1987, p. 35

Anadolu Agency, (25 August 2017). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/12-killed-in-rohingya-militant-attacks-in-myanmar-west/893434

CIA (2013). The World Factbook. East and South East Asia: Burma

Collis, M. S., & Bu, S. S. (1925). Arakan’s Place in the Civilisation of the Bay. Journal of Burma Research Society 50th Anniversary Publications, (2), 486

Counsil on Foreign relation, (25 March, 2016). https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/understanding-myanmar

Fox, M. (2016). AZEEM IBRAHIM: The Rohingyas. Inside Myanmar’s Hidden Genocide. Internationales Asienforum, 47(3-4), p.35

Habibullah, N. M. (1995). History of Rohingya Nation, Bangladesh co-operative book society publications, Dhaka. p. 89, 96-97.

HRW (2013). All You Can Do is Pray. Crimes against Humanity and Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingya Muslims in Burma’s Arakan State. http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports /burma0413_FullForWeb.pdf

International Crisis Group (2016). Myanmar: A New Muslim Insurgency in Rakhine State. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/283-myanmar-new-muslim-insurgeny-rakhine-state

Karim, D. E. H. O. A., & Bisharad, S. (1935). Arakan Rajshabhay Bangla Shahitya, pp.4-12

Knuters, S. (2018). Political Buddhism and the Exclusion of Rohingya in Myanmar: Exploring targeted religious nationalism using Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya minority as a case study.p.1.

Ali, M. M. (1985). History of the Muslims of Bengal. Imam Muhammad ibn Saʼūd Islamic University. p.168, 368, 866.

Mohajan and Haradhan, (2018). History of Rakhine State and the Origin of the Rohingya Muslims, Munich Personal Repec Archive, p.7, 12

Than, T. M. M. (2007). Mapping the Contours of Human Security Challenges in Myanmar. Myanmar: State, Society and Ethnicity. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute Singapore, p. 6, 172.

Ullah, A. A. (2011). Rohingya Refugees to Bangladesh: Historical Exclusions and Contemporary Marginalization. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, p. 15-20

Ullah, A. A. (2011). Rohingya refugees to Bangladesh: Historical exclusions and contemporary marginalization. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 9(2), 139-161.

UNHCR, (2017). Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2017." UNHCR accessed 07 Nov, 2018, http://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2017/.

Outcry, R. (1978). Demands, Rohingya Patriotic Front (RPF), Arakan (Burma), 1976. M. Sahabuddin, Arakan in Historical Perspective, The Monthly Bulletin of the Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs, 1(4), 20

Remenyi, D. S. J., Swartz, E., Money, A., & Williams, B. (1998). Doing Research in Business and Management: An Introduction to Process and Method. SAGE Publications, London.

Warzone Initiatives, (2015). Rohingya Briefing Report, 1–18

Wright, R. & Westcott, B. (2017). CNN, September 8, 2017. At Least 270,000 Rohingya Flee Myanmar Violence in 2 Weeks. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/08/asia/rohingya-myanmar-refugees-drowning /index.html

Yeger M. (1972). Muslims in Burma during British Rule: a study of a minority group, Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden publication, Germany, p. 18.

Yunus, M. (1994). A history of Arakan: Past and present. University of Chittagong. p.15, 17, 18, 74

Downloads

Published

2020-10-29

How to Cite

Faisal, M. M. (2020). The Rohingya Refugee Crisis of Myanmar: A History of Persecution and Human Rights Violations. International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, 7(3), 743–761. https://doi.org/10.46291/IJOSPERvol7iss3pp743-761

Issue

Section

Articles